Standardized Testing In Public Schools - 2475 Words

Standardized Testing In Public Schools (Essay Sample) Content: WritingStandardized Testing In Public SchoolsCustomers NameCustomers Grade CourseCustomer Tutors Name Outline Standardized forms of tests will usually be in a number of questions in series coming up with multiple choices or answers from which the test takers will be required to answer appropriately. Upon selection of a given answer, the papers are collected or scanned immediately by use of electronic machines and computers. This is a research paper which gives the relevant information of this kind of testing and how it has been applied in public schools. The paper has given an appropriate introduction into the discussion, an overview of standardized testing, the historical developments, advantages and disadvantages which outweigh the advantages. IntroductionDifferent ways of testing has been realized with each and every method having a number of appraisals as well as concerns. Generally, a standardized test shall be referred to as a kind of test that has been designe d in a particular manner so that there is an overall consistency with the questions being administered, the conditions under which such questions are being administered, the procedures of scoring, and in the final interpretations. Such tests will be administered and finally scored in a manner which has been predetermined. Standardized testing has been applied in a number of public schools because it presents a better approach through which the greatest majority of the students can be taught and tested (Phelps 19). However, the standardized testing in public schools is something that has greatly been criticized by many educators and parents, arguing that the method of testing is not in the least fair and while at the same time being unable to measure the abilities of a student, and the reason they have been pushing for the abolishment of this kind of testing. However, despite all these issues with the kind of testing, it is quite clear that it is still being applied in the majority o f the public schools today. Due to this kind of understanding with the standardized testing, there have been a number of attempts aimed in abolishing the procedures of the testing by giving adequate evidences on how the testing system can damage the quality of education (Brown 26).Historical Developments of Standardized TestingThere has been a number of possible evidences that the earliest forms of standardized kind of testing must have begun somewhere in China in which a number of packs were used as form of art. This included a number of archeries, horsemanship, use of arithmetic, writing, and even with ritual celebrations. As days went by, studies were developed into which military operations, civic strategies, law, taxation, revenue, agriculture as well as the field of geography adopted the testing approach. Shorty, it became possible to administer a number of examinations through institutionalized procedures (Kohn 43). This was as early as in the sixth century. The standardized kind of testing did not come about as a traditional practice but had been had adopted new approaches which would deliver the message to the learner and check for the rate of understanding. Later revolutions brought greater enhancements to standardized testing procedures and operations. Going back to the United States, the adoption and use of this standardized testing must have come in during the mid years of the 20th century. This has then undergone through tremendous developments to modern computer-based grading for the standardized tests. However, it should be noted that the entire globe has been greatly concerned with this kind of testing and especially with the public schools (Hotvedt 37). An Overview of Standardized TestingWhen it comes to practice, the standardized testing procedure shall be comprised of some multiple-choice questions, true-false or even essay questions. These items will be tested in an inexpensive and yet quick manner by ensuring that answers have been scored through the use of computers, a good example being with Computer Adaptive Testing (Jencks Christopher 87). Some of the tests might require short-answer responses or writing essay components which will then be evaluated independently by the use of rubrics, also known as guidelines. This will then be subjected to benchmark papers which will be used in determining the grades arrived at within the responses given by the student. It should be noted that majority of the assessments will not be scored on the score-sheets by people but by use of computers. When it comes to the scores, there will be two kinds of scores: the norm-referenced and the criterion-referenced, whereby the norm-referenced kinds of scores would compare the test-takers while the other one gives much consideration to the formal discussions and quality of content in the answers (Phelps 37). Another important thing with these kinds of tests is that the eventual considerations on reliability and validity should be consid ered to be essential for determining the overall quality of all the standardized tests. Evaluation and testing standards are also given the greatest consideration when it comes to the standardized tests. This is usually governed by a number of publications which have to be followed keenly by different examiners in given public schools and other institutions. Having seen some of the important elements and features of standardized testing, it is necessary that a brief discussion on some of the important aspects or advantages of this kind of testing (Stecher Laura 47).Another important issue that has to be understood with standardized tests is that they will tend to take different forms which include a set or series of exams and questions which have multiple answers which a student has to choose. These questions will have to be filled in by very many individuals taking the test immediately, after which the answers are taken and graded by use of scanning technologies and computers. The se tests are hence designed for measuring the test-takers so that their understanding cane be compared with that of the other takers of the exams. This can also be used to compare a number of schools or other higher learning institutions (Edwards 52). Standardized tests will thus be presented on a piece of paper or be administered from a computer. This means that the individual taking the test will have to be presented with a statement, a question, or some sum or problem, from which he or she will be required to select one the choices he feels right and by so doing answer the question presented. Sometimes, the expected answer from the test take might be straightforward. However, the answers tend to be presented in a bit unclear manner so that the individual might be challenged accordingly. After picking the answer the test taker feels right and appropriate, the papers are then collected after which the scores are taken (Stecher Laura 49). Advantages of Standardized TestingThere are a number of advantages that come along with this kind of testing. To begin with, one the outstanding with advantages with the standardized testing approach is in that the results obtained will be easily documented empirically. Due to this capability, it means that the scores from the test will tend to have a high degree of reliability and validity thus making it easy to replicate the results. This will also be easy to contrast with the grades that have been recorded in the school transcript (Mersky Harris 68). With this kind of testing, it has been proved to be easy to make the accounting of the differences existing between different cultures in education across different schools. Therefore, it becomes possible to make comparisons of the performances of different students from different parts of a country. Another advantage worth noting is with aggregation. When the standardized test has been well designed, it will be noted that it becomes very easy to be assess the mastery of an individual on a given idea, skill or concept. This can as well be done with a larger-sized sample while retaining the accuracy of the assessment. Another important thing with standardized tests is that they will be administered to same students under similar situations or conditions, thus being very fair as compared with the kinds of tests which tend to be biased to different societies, different races, or social statuses (Mersky Harris 69).Some other appraisals with these kinds of tests is that they tend to be cheap, and very quick when it comes to grading (Lessinger Salowe 87). They as well give room for analysts to be able to carry out analysis on a wide range of sample for different individuals. Due to this quality, standardized tests can be effectively applied in measuring the rate at which a given public school is progressing in its academics through carrying out a comparison on different test results from other students in other schools. However, a number of critics have be en keen on observing that standardized tests will not at all be the ultimate solution towards measuring the intelligence level and understanding level of individual students and their overall performance. This is because the testing system itself is very simplistic and quite unreliable. This is so because it may not be able to determine whether the student has been able to understand all the other issues surrounding a given topic which might have had been tested in the test. As it has been noted earlier, a number of parents have keenly been criticizing the standardized testing method saying that it is not in the least fair and the reason it has to be done away with. According to these individuals, they have been keen to note that different schools have continued to use the tests in determining when given students are ready to be enrolled in school, also in tracking their performances and trying to ...

Cuba Essay Topics For Writing

<h1>Cuba Essay Topics For Writing</h1><p>College understudies in the USA have a wide decision of article subjects that they can look over when they are composing their papers. In the event that you realize what your school brings to the table and you are keen on composing for your school, it is significant that you take a gander at the article subjects accessible in the school's classification. The classes are alluded to as level of study, of course.</p><p></p><p>It may be extremely enticing to simply expound regarding the matters that you are proficient in, however you have to ensure that it won't subvert the degree program or your evaluation. It may be a smart thought to either peruse an example paper first, or ask somebody in the workforce office to get some exhortation. An example is in every case superior to no example, and this is particularly obvious on the off chance that it is a school class that you are working on.</p><p> ;</p><p>It is conceivable to compose your exploration paper very quickly, yet it will take a considerable amount of arranging and exertion to work with some particular exposition subjects. To start with, pick your degree of experience, or see what the school brings to the table to choose the degree of your degree program. You should then figure out what article themes you will tackle.</p><p></p><p>After you know the degree of your degree program, you should investigate the Cuba exposition points that are accessible. The school will flexibly you with a rundown of inquiries, and one of these inquiries will need to manage the point you have picked. Make certain to peruse the entirety of the Cuba paper subjects to discover the principles for every one, since it is conceivable to make it sound like a troublesome assignment.</p><p></p><p>The themes that you need to look over in Cuba as a rule rotate around: writing, history, gove rnmental issues, humanism, financial aspects, and expressions of the human experience. Remember that you don't need to utilize these in your paper, however it is consistently ideal to comprehend what to search for with regards to Cuba exposition themes. Utilize these as rules when you go over the Cuba paper subjects for writing.</p><p></p><p>The Cuba exposition themes for composing ought to have in any event three to four sentences for each point. This makes it simple for you to move starting with one subject then onto the next. This additionally guarantees you comprehend the topic and not simply hindered with one subject at a time.</p><p></p><p>Once you have picked the Cuba article themes for composing, ensure that you utilize these and furthermore utilize some other procedure to sort out the creative cycle. Consider a diagram with the goal that you can without much of a stretch move starting with one theme then onto the next. You may likewise consider exploiting certain assets that may assist you with concentrating on a particular theme easier.</p><p></p><p>Keep at the top of the priority list that the exposition points you are taking a gander at will contrast from school to school, so it may be a smart thought to remember this. With a smidgen of work and arranging, you can think of a fantastic Cuba article point for composing and get ready for an incredible grade.</p>

Middle School Essay Topics - Writing With a Unique Point of View

Center School Essay Topics - Writing With a Unique Point of ViewWhen it comes to composing your center school English exposition, you'll need to realize where to begin. Would it be a good idea for you to begin with your idea or would it be advisable for you to begin with the exposition itself? Would you like to concentrate on a specific subject or have you previously settled a topic articulation? Assuming this is the case, in what capacity should you compose your center school English exposition topic?I would express that the primary concern to consider with regards to an article is how much spotlight you need to put on your general subject. For instance, in the event that you are doing a center school English article for a class paper, you should utilize a wide assortment of subjects, and maybe even five, however this may not be the situation on the off chance that you are attempting to compose an exposition for a lifelong application. Why would that be? Since papers need to stand a part from the various application essays.It's critical to ensure that you have solid in general subject so as to get the consideration you are searching for. Regardless of whether you need to concentrate on a specific point or have a general thought of the topic, ensure you're set up before you begin. Do you recognize what sort of paper design you should use?If you don't have the foggiest idea, think pretty much all the things you have learned throughout the years and think about the sort of data you have to remember for your article and the amount of it you think will be incorporated and the amount you truly need to gain from another person. Keep in mind, as you read this, I am talking all in all, not explicit to a specific point that you are working on.Another acceptable approach to structure your center school English article subjects is to utilize them as prompts. Do you have a specific issue that you need to address? What might be incredible is to work out your exposition point s in a section or two, and afterward show a portion of the things you may discuss. It is not necessarily the case that the thoughts don't should be yours; it is only that you may think that its simpler to utilize an efficient arrangement of points as prompts as opposed to compose a paper dependent on thoughts and happenings that you happen to stagger upon.You should in any case get into the creative cycle, however know that a large number of these themes will be critical to your center school expositions. This doesn't imply that you ca exclude things that you would typically incorporate, it essentially implies that you need to remember the general subject. For instance, in case you're composing an article on your involvement with the military, you'll have to invest some energy discussing the things that you like about your unit. Or on the other hand in case you're expounding on the things that you like about your family, you'll have to consider the encounters that make you unique.An other significant exercise recorded as a hard copy a paper is figuring out how to sort out your contemplations. This is exceptionally simple to overlook as you're attempting to work through the thoughts that you have for your center school expositions, yet in the event that you are sorted out by any stretch of the imagination, at that point you will have the option to think of them quicker and all the more adequately. Sorting out your contemplations to be centered around a subject is a decent spot to begin, however on the off chance that you don't know which topic you need to concentrate on, take a stab at utilizing your subjects from prior as prompts.No matter how you approach your center school paper points, simply be certain that you do your examination and get ready before you really plunk down to compose. Additionally, ensure that you invest some energy ensuring that your theme is fascinating and that you remember the parts of composing that will truly assist you with composing your article, for example, pacing, inquire about, and the capacity to compose from a one of a kind perspective.

Drivers Ed Essay Topics

<h1>Drivers Ed Essay Topics</h1><p>When composing a drivers ed article you have to realize that you need to utilize these kinds of points to improve your resume and furthermore to get acknowledged in your favored school. The article ought to be exceptional and worth taking a gander at from a confirmations viewpoint. The following are a few drivers ed exposition themes to compose in:</p><p></p><p>Drivers - When perusing the term 'drivers' you can be certain that students will be taking a gander at you as an instructor or an expert, and understudies will take a gander at you as a business. That is the motivation behind why composing a drivers ed paper subject with the expression 'you are a student/student of driver instruction' may appear to be all the more persuading to the students. Be prepared for the inquiries and difficulties they will toss at you while noting this point. You ought to consistently investigate it cautiously and discover wha t you should place in there.</p><p></p><p>Students - Another extraordinary driver ed exposition subject is the students who will consider you to be an instructor or as a business. Being an instructor in a school or college could be an extreme errand for an understudy or student, however on the off chance that you take a gander at your intended interest group you can wager that the students will say, 'truly, I can hardly wait to join your class'. So consistently keep it slick and expert, without making it excessively dry and exhausting. Be that as it may, in the event that you need to be all the more engaging the understudies, remember to make reference to that you will be coming to class as an official student, just as being an educator.</p><p></p><p>Learners - The last driver ed paper subject for a student is one which you can enliven by utilizing the term 'super student'. So be set up to take some genuine time and furthermore go thro ugh some cash on the subject. One approach to do it is to utilize elegantly composed watchwords for the point, which will add more capacity to the students. Once more, ensure that you give great quality in the composed point and ensure that you use all the abilities you have, particularly the specialized side.</p><p></p><p>If you are a driver and are focusing on the school, ensure that you remember for your driver's ed article theme the words: driver, student, authorized, students, driver training, driver instruction, driving school, school transport, etc. These can be joined to make more than one theme, and you can likewise include various subjects like travel, protection, driving safe, etc. You can likewise utilize numerous expressions like best drivers ed exposition points, or digital book tips, etc.</p><p></p><p>Parents/Guardians - This is another most loved for a wide range of students, in any event, for the individuals who are no t driving yet. On the off chance that you are a parent who needs to get your youngster into a school, this point can be truly astonishing and extremely useful. Truth be told, in the event that you are an understudy who is looking for your fantasy work and will require a grant, this theme can assist you with finding the correct school and apply the best articles and composing techniques.</p><p></p><p>Keep as a top priority that there are a lot increasingly extraordinary points to utilize, however these are the ones that are extremely successful, lucid, and instructive. When you figure out how to make a decent paper theme, you will make certain to intrigue the folks.</p>

Topic Choices For Your Curiosity Essay

<h1>Topic Choices For Your Curiosity Essay</h1><p>Many understudies are befuddled by the point decisions in a composing task. Some composing assignments get some information about a solitary subject, while others will get some information about an expansive scope of points. Along these lines, you ought to figure out how to pick subjects for your own interest essay.</p><p></p><p>Before beginning on your exploration, you should know the thought behind an expansive scope of themes for a composing task. As referenced over, a few themes are continually going to be more different than others. This is on the grounds that you may be attempting to see a point that could be as too wide to even think about fitting the tone of your composing task. It might be excessively genuine or unreasonably light for your composing assignment.</p><p></p><p>When composing an expansive scope of themes, it might be enticing to utilize a conventio nal point. You would prefer not to be unsurprising with the composing task, however. Much the same as with composing a diary article, you would prefer not to go excessively dubious. In case you're excessively conventional, you'll lose the enthusiasm of your perusers, and they won't continue perusing your writing.</p><p></p><p>While a wide scope of themes can be useful, there are different ways that a wide scope of subjects can be unhelpful to your composing task. When composing a composing task, it's imperative to keep yourself propelled. You should have the option to propel yourself to write so as to remain centered and produce the most ideal work. On the off chance that you expound on points that are excessively expansive, you may not be as persuaded as you would have been in the event that you had adhered to themes that are more focused.</p><p></p><p>This doesn't imply that you shouldn't attempt to expound on more extensive subjects when you are composing a composing task. It just implies that you have to realize the most ideal approach. Do whatever it takes not to expound a lot on the theme, and let your thoughts develop out from your point. As your composing advances, you'll start to expound on progressively broad points, which will permit you to turn out to be increasingly engaged and produce better results.</p><p></p><p>It's additionally acceptable to comprehend what kind of composing task you are working with before picking article subjects. In the event that you are composing a momentary composing task, you will utilize a more extensive scope of subjects than if you were composing a paper that will take a little while to finish. This can give you more space to investigate and attempt various points and give you a superior possibility at finding a theme that will fulfill the requirements of your assignment.</p><p></p><p>One of the most ideal approaches to ch oose exposition subject is to consider where you will need to be three to a long time from now. Consider what you would need to know or how you would need to remain educated when you are that old. That way, you can have a more extensive subject to browse. Simultaneously, in the event that you are searching for explicit data, you will have the option to limit your point decisions to those that will in all probability help you with your ebb and flow examine project.</p><p></p><p>When you settle on great subjects, you will have the option to begin on your exploration with certainty. With cautious choice of the point, your composing will be finished in an auspicious way and you will have the option to acquire data to help you in your career.</p>

Basics About Defining Evaluation Essay Topics

<h1>Basics About Defining Evaluation Essay Topics</h1><p>Defining the branches of knowledge, destinations and prizes of every assessment exposition theme is the essential job of supporting an assessment article. A decent defense must help the assessment as far as quality, substance and content.</p><p></p><p>The branch of knowledge of an evaluation paper is typically a point that you will need to investigate further as a piece of your reasoning procedure. For this situation, an appropriate defense should bolster your contemplations. A few points you may consider as far as worthy arrangements as well as arrangements in other topics.</p><p></p><p>It's essential to review a task that you can cover themes that you are keen on. Considering this, abstain from expounding on themes that you discover exhausting or immaterial. There are numerous substantial issues as far as scholarly subjects, which won't get settled regardless o f whether you put forth a concentrated effort hard enough.</p><p></p><p>You may go over extremely fascinating themes that will truly assist you with tackling troublesome issues. Likewise, there may be subjects that you find while doing research for the scholastic papers or diary articles that you have to compose. For this situation, it's acceptable to set an exacting cutoff time on the tasks and pick themes at last. It would be a lot simpler to decide the best topics.</p><p></p><p>Another valid justification to legitimize your assignments is to set up an assertion exposition that you would place in the report. This can be a clarification about how you will carry out your responsibility well. In the event that you as of now have an arrangement for what you'll achieve, there's no compelling reason to place in detail. The assertion exposition is possibly required when all the more arranging is required. It's additionally acceptable to por tray the sort of tasks that would be sent to different offices that work with evaluators.</p><p></p><p>However, in case you don't know of what you will expound on, you might have the option to conceptualize on certain inquiries to pose to yourself before the task. For instance, it's smarter to inspect your present achievements and take a gander at the sorts of assignments that you get more frequently than others. You ought to likewise think about whether there are basic subjects among your activities and furthermore search for conceivable exceptions.</p><p></p><p>If you can concoct an extraordinary thought for another point, it is incredible to do it recorded as a hard copy. Supporting an assessment article doesn't need to be finished by you; it should be possible by another person. For this situation, the individual will simply need to duplicate the composed task in some way and submit it.</p>

Paviland Cave - The Red Lady Burial of Wales

Definition: Paviland Cave, also known as Goats Hole Cave, is a rockshelter on the Gower peninsula of South Wales in Great Britain that was occupied for different periods and in different intensities from the Early Upper Paleolithic through Final Paleolithic, approximately 35,000 to 20,000 years ago. It is considered the oldest Upper Paleolithic site in Great Britain (called British Aurignacian in some circles), and it is believed to represent an inmigration of early modern humans from mainland Europe, and currently associated with the Gravettian period. The Red Lady It must be said that the reputation of Goats Hole Cave has suffered somewhat because it was discovered before the science of archaeology had a strong foothold in antiquarian research. No stratigraphy was apparent to its excavators; and no spatial data was collected during the excavations. As a result, its discovery nearly 200 years ago has left a fairly muddled trail of theories and suppositions about the age of the site, a trail only clarified the first decade of the 21st century. In 1823, the partial skeleton of a person was discovered within the cave, buried with mammoth (extinct elephant) ivory rods, ivory rings and perforated periwinkle shells. All of these items were heavily stained with red ochre. At the head of the skeleton was a mammoth skull, complete with both tusks; and marker stones were placed nearby. The excavator William Buckland interpreted this skeleton as a Roman-period prostitute or witch, and accordingly, the individual was named the Red Lady. Later investigations have established that this person was a young adult male, not a female. Dates on the human bones and charred animal remains were in debate--the human bones and associated charred bone returned quite different dates--until the 21st century. Aldhouse-Green (1998) argued that this occupation should be considered Gravettian of the Upper Paleolithic, based on similarities of the tools from sites elsewhere in Europe. These tools included flint leaf points and ivory rods, both common in Upper Paleolithic sites. Chronology Aurignacian In 2008, re-dating and comparison with other sites with similar stone and bone tools indicated to researchers that the Red Lady was buried some ~29,600 radiocarbon years ago (RCYBP), or about 34,000-33,300 calibrated years before the present (cal BP). This date is based on a radiocarbon date from an associated charred bone, backed up by similar aged tools elsewhere, and has been accepted by the scholarly community, and that date would be considered Aurignacian. The tools within Goats Hole Cave are considered late Aurignacian or Early Gravettian in appearance. Thus, scholars believe that Paviland represents an early colonization of the now-submerged Channel River valley during or just before the Greenland interstadial, a brief warming period about 33,000 years ago. Archaeological Studies Paviland Cave was first excavated in the early 1820s, and again in the early 20th century by WJ Sollas. The significance of Paviland is clear, when the list of excavators is obtained, including Dorothy Garrod in the 1920s, and JB Campbell and RM Jacobi in the 1970s. Re-investigations of the previous excavations were conducted by Stephen Aldhouse-Green at the University of Wales, Newport in the late 1990s, and again in the 2010s by Rob Dinnis at the British Museum. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to the Upper Paleolithic and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Aldhouse-Green S. 1998. Paviland Cave: Contextualizing the Red Lady. Antiquity 72(278):756-772. Dinnis R. 2008. On the technology of Late Aurignacian burin and scraper production, and the importance of the Paviland lithic assemblage and the Paviland burin. Lithics: The Journal of the Lithic Studies Society 29:18-35. Dinnis R. 2012. The archaeology of Britains first modern humans. Antiquity 86(333):627-641. Jacobi RM, and Higham TFG. 2008. The â€Å"Red Lady† ages gracefully: new ultrafiltration AMS determinations from Paviland. Journal of Human Evolution 55(5):898-907. Jacobi RM, Higham TFG, Haesaerts P, Jadin I, and Basel LS. 2010. Radiocarbon chronology for the Early Gravettian of northern Europe: new AMS determinations for Maisià ¨res-Canal, Belgium. Antiquity 84(323):26-40. Also Known As: Goats Hole Cave